For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. 2008;26(11):12618. 1905/05) for their financial support. The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Dextran Fractions. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. National Library of Medicine The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Pig skins (Micropig Franz cell membrane) were supplied by Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd. (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). 2013 May;64(3):346-54. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.734289. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). Charge: Anionic. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. @ Nilimesh See attached. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. Pavlov, G.M. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. Int J Pharm Investig. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. statement and This conjecture found to be correct. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. 2018;1:10915. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. Beer, M.U. Viscosity of Liquids. These modifications include degradation of hemidesmosomes attached to the dermis, degradation of desmosomes linked to adjacent cells, contraction of intracellular tonofilament, and lamellipodia formation. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). (1998). (2007). Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. (2007). Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Pharm Res. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Morris, G.A. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). Macromolecules. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. (2003). Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. government site. (1991). ; Weisz, J. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Epub 2017 Jun 1. (2007). 2006;3(3):37385. TEWL values before and immediately after microporation on human cadaver skin according to the number of times microproration was done (n=3). Study of temperature influence. Privacy Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. For Research Use Only. 2005;304(1):27486. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. California Privacy Statement, Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. Cite this article. Masuelli, M. A. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. ACS Nano. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. 1984;17(6):11703. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. Would you like email updates of new search results? The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. Drug deliv. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). ; Fran, H.P. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. TdB Labs produce a wide range of FITC-derivatives (490 nm/520 nm) with a mean molecular weight ranging from 4 kDa to 2000 kDa. Materiaux 1-5. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. Progr. Citation-(RIS High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). ; De Jong, S.J. Part of Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. eCollection 2015. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. ; van Nostrum, C.F. Transdermal delivery is of great importance for the effective delivery of bioactive or therapeutic agents into a body. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. J. Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Kumar SV, Tarun P, Kumar TA. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. The site is secure. ; Picout, D.R. 7 8 Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). J. Braz. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. Article Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. (1958). 2. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. II. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Epub 2012 Oct 18. Chem. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. De Belder, A.N. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. However, in vitro investigations are very few. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Structure Properties of Dextran. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. ; Grishchenko, A.E. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Radiofrequency with microneedling. Analytical Chemistry. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic.