Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen, Containers may explode when heated. and Informatics, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site), Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 4.1, NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index, NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data), NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data). J. Chem. Zhur. Nauk, 1962, SSSR 142, 1335-1338. [all data], Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982 Benzene Formula:C6H6 Molecular weight:78.1118 IUPAC Standard InChI:InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6HCopy IUPAC Standard InChIKey:UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-NCopy CAS Registry Number:71-43-2 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol fileor as a computed3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Javaor Javascript. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Even if it is not a common substrate for metabolism, benzene can be oxidized by both bacteria and eukaryotes. Toluene hydrodealkylation converts toluene to benzene. J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. Eng. III. Most of these metabolites have some value as biomarkers of human exposure, since they accumulate in the urine in proportion to the extent and duration of exposure, and they may still be present for some days after exposure has ceased. This intermediate distance is caused by electron delocalization: the electrons for C=C bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms. Thermodynam., 1991, 23, 25-30. [81], Exposure to benzene may lead progressively to aplastic anemia, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma. Vesely, F.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., All rights reserved. The temperatures of the distillate and rejected brine flowing from the preheaters are 45 C . ; Daniels, F., In 2013, the biggest consumer country of benzene was China, followed by the USA. Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems: benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxan, Grolier, J.-P.E. ber das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht Benzol-1-2-Dichloraethan, In 1855, Hofmann used the word "aromatic" to designate this family relationship, after a characteristic property of many of its members. Database and to verify that the data contained therein have Izv. Safety glasses. on behalf of the United States of America. In 1870, the German chemist . Soc., 1948, 70, 1502-1505. C11H16 = 148.25. 1: With the help of a household iron This is one of the most common and easiest ways to unstuck vinyl print (letters or artwork) pressed on your tee. Chem. Res., 1931, NBS 6, 881-900. Inter. Sandmeyer Reaction. [16] An acidic material was derived from benzoin by sublimation, and named "flowers of benzoin", or benzoic acid. There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. Tohoku Imp. Complete decarboxylation of mellitic acid gives benzene. [all data], Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948 Devon is applying 100N of . If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard. Although benzene and pyridine are structurally related, benzene cannot be converted into pyridine. [all data], Richards and Wallace, 1932 The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g C and the specific heat of steam is 1.99 J/g C. H vapof water = 40.8 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic properties of benzene, The most common reactions of benzene involve substitution of a proton by other groups. Chem. : Dynamic viscosity (Pas). Pure benzene, for example, oxidizes in the body to produce an epoxide, benzene oxide, which is not excreted readily and can interact with DNA to produce harmful mutations. In nitration, benzene reacts with nitronium ions (NO2+), which is a strong electrophile produced by combining sulfuric and nitric acids. The idea is used in fireworks to produce the colour. 1196-58-3. Phys. ; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Kooner, Z.S. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid. [49] In 1870, the German chemist Viktor Meyer first applied Grbe's nomenclature to benzene.[50]. [all data], Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 After exposure to 63 to 405mg/m3 of benzene for 1 to 5 hours, 51 to 87% was excreted in the urine as phenol over a period of 23 to 50 hours. Depending on the feedstock used to produce the olefins, steam cracking can produce a benzene-rich liquid by-product called pyrolysis gasoline. Benzene is classified as a carcinogen, which increases the risk of cancer and other illnesses, and is also a notorious cause of bone marrow failure. ; Grigoriev, V.A. specific heat liquid = 1.740 J/g C A 27.00 g sample of liquid benzene is initially at 41.30 C. Rabinovich, I.B. [70] Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a general method of derivatizing benzene. ; Gruber, K.; Pereira, J.F. Solution Chem., 1987, 16, 745-752. Teplofiz. NQ01 mutations result in loss of function and may result in decreased detoxification. Vys. 2039504. [all data], Tanaka, 1985 ; T = 293 to 323 K. Data calculated from equation. With the global phaseout of leaded gasoline, benzene has made a comeback as a gasoline additive in some nations. I. Chem. Contact us at contact@myengineeringtools.com 1. J. Chem. Univ. *** Very flammable. "Zur Kenntnis der ungesttigen Verbindungen,", "Untersuchungen ber aromatische Verbindungen (Investigations of aromatic compounds)", "The Structure of the Benzene Ring in Hexamethylbenzene", "An X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of Hexachlorobenzene, Using the Fourier Method", "Meet Kathleen Lonsdale, the physicist and prison reformer who cracked benzene's code", "Faits pour servir la dtermination du lieu chimique dans la srie aromatique", "Untersuchungen ber die Constitution der zweifach-substituirten Benzole", "Life on Mars? The limit of the fusion process is the hydrogen-free allotrope of carbon, graphite. Outdoor air may contain low levels of benzene from automobile service stations, wood smoke, tobacco smoke, the transfer of gasoline, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. Pressions maxima des vapeurs du benzene et du cyclohexane aux temperatures moyennes et calcul de leurs chaleurs specifiques principales, J. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. Where Q = quantity of heat, c = specif heat of benzene, m = mass of benzene, t = initial temperature, t = final temperature. Heats of formation and chemical compositions . Step-by-Step Verified Solution Basis: 1 mol Feed Recko, W.M., [all data], Dejardin, 1919 The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, The title compound, C18H16N2O2, is a precusor for the synthesis of polyimides. The two were allowed to come to thermal equilibrium and the final temperature was 24.1C. It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature. Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, [citation needed], Several tests can determine exposure to benzene. This process was later discontinued. As the carbon atoms in the benzene ring collided with each other, each carbon atom would collide twice with one neighbor during a given interval and then twice with its other neighbor during the next interval. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Storage class Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids 7.3 Specific end use(s) Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection [79][80], According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2007), benzene is both a synthetically-made and naturally occurring chemical from processes that include: volcanic eruptions, wild fires, synthesis of chemicals such as phenol, production of synthetic fibers, and fabrication of rubbers, lubricants, pesticides, medications, and dyes. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 1199-1200. Equation 1. J. Inzh-Fiz. Structure and properties . If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Acad. This was seven years after he had solved the problem of how carbon atoms could bond to up to four other atoms at the same time. [44][45] Using large crystals of hexamethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with the same core of six carbon atoms, Lonsdale obtained diffraction patterns. Compt. It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. [77] The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) classifies benzene as a human carcinogen. Gorbunova, N.I. Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen IX. The discussed value is almost 1.3 times higher than the heat flux obtained in case quenching is conducted by downward spray. Excess heat capacities for mixture of benzene with n-heptane at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K, How much heat must be transferred to the mixture per g-mole of feed? Unsmoothed experimental datum given as 1.7915 kJ/kg*K.; T = 283.78 to 348.47 K. Cp = 1.3943 - 5.857x10-4T + 5.89x10-6T2 kJ/kg*K. Cp value calculated from equation. Pol. The pathway for the metabolism of benzene is complex and begins in the liver. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure May cause drowsiness and dizziness. Am. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Neft Gaz. These include cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), quinine oxidoreductase (NQ01 or DT-diaphorase or NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1)), GSH, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). . J. Chem. Experimental device for measurement of isobaric specific heat of electrolytes at elevated pressures, specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances 2. FOIA. Acta, 1985, 88, 255-260. A mixture of 54.5 mol% benzene in chlorobenzene at its bubble point is fed continuously to the bottom plate of a column containing two equilibrium plates, with a partial reboiler and a total condenser. Benzoic acid and its salts undergo decarboxylation to benzene. "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzene_(data_page)&oldid=1139250020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Lainez, A.; Rodrigo, M.M. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Are fluid 5. been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. ; Simonov, V.M. [all data], Burlew, 1940 There are limitations on the content of benzene in gasoline. Excess heat capacity of the binary systems formed by n-propyl alcohol with benzene, mesitylene and cyclohexane, Calorimetry (Lect. Charles Mansfield filed for (November 11, 1847) and received (May 1848) a patent (no. biphenyl (aka diphenyl) at higher temperature: If the raw material stream contains much non-aromatic components (paraffins or naphthenes), those are likely decomposed to lower hydrocarbons such as methane, which increases the consumption of hydrogen. [30][37] Kekul used evidence that had accumulated in the intervening yearsnamely, that there always appeared to be only one isomer of any monoderivative of benzene, and that there always appeared to be exactly three isomers of every disubstituted derivativenow understood to correspond to the ortho, meta, and para patterns of arene substitutionto argue in support of his proposed structure. Sci. The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. Bunsenges. This amount is about 10 times the average daily intake of benzene by nonsmokers. Sci. Compound Name: Benzene; Formula: C6H6; at Temperature: Subrahmanyam, S.V. National Institute of Standards and Ser. This reaction is achieved by the use of high pressures of hydrogen in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, such as finely divided nickel. Benzene has been shown to cause cancer in both sexes of multiple species of laboratory animals exposed via various routes. Akad. Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Benzene vapor is heavier than air. In this process, the xylene stream exiting the TDP unit is approximately 90% p-xylene. II., Chem., 1951, 198, 263-269. [all data], Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960 [106], The Nazis used benzene administered via injection as one of their many methods for killing. Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., [all data], Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937 at 1 atm: botling point = 80. [68] European petrol specifications now contain the same 1% limit on benzene content. Substance Specific heat capacity (J/g C) lead 0.128 silver 0.235 copper 0.385 iron 0.449 aluminum 0.903 water 4.184 An unknown substance has a mass of 14.5 g.14.5 g. The temperature of the substance increases by 15.3 C15.3 C when 85.4 J85.4 J of heat is added to the substance. Excess volumes and excess heaat capacitiies of some mixtures with trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at 298.15K, (August 2007). You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Excess heat capacities for mixtures of benzene with cyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclooctane at 298.15 K, Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E., 2021 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce Fiock, E.F.; Ginnings, D.C.; Holton, W.B., 1st Czech. NQ01 and GSH shift metabolism away from toxicity. Ramadevi Punyamurthy et al. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. ; Everett, D.H., Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. When plastic water pipes are subject to high heat, the water may be contaminated with benzene. Smaller amounts of benzene are used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, and pesticides. Chem. Benzene causes cancer in animals including humans. Q = joules = x 10^ joules. J. Res. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum contaminant level for benzene in drinking water at 0.0005mg/L (5 ppb), as promulgated via the U.S. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The thermal analysis clearly ensures the enhancement in case of benzene added water upward spray, and the achieved average heat flux is 1.78 MW m 2. phys. Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of 2,3-dimethylbutane + butane and + toluene, As benzene is ubiquitous in gasoline and hydrocarbon fuels that are in use everywhere, human exposure to benzene is a global health problem. [all data], Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965 Contact China Manufactory Wuhan Kaimubuke Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd for the product BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE. At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added. [all data], Willams and Daniels, 1924 [25] In 1997, benzene was detected in deep space.[26]. Am. Chim. J. Chem. The extraction step of aromatics from the reformate is designed to produce aromatics with lowest non-aromatic components. [40] Some historians have suggested that the parody was a lampoon of the snake anecdote, possibly already well known through oral transmission even if it had not yet appeared in print. Data, 1987, 32, 176-177. [101] After smoking 32 cigarettes per day, the smoker would take in about 1.8 milligrams (mg) of benzene. X-ray diffraction shows that all six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are of the same length, at 140 picometres (pm). Am. Copper standard solution,CAS Number:7440-50-8,Specification:50mL ; Johnson, W.H. [all data], de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933 Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. [citation needed] Prior to the 1920s, benzene was frequently used as an industrial solvent, especially for degreasing metal. (TLV) for benzene to 0.02 ppm and reduce the 15 . Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (narcotic effects) - Category 3 - Narcotic effect. If the sample is heated at constant pressure (P = 1 atm), calculate the amount of energy in kJ needed to raise the temperature of the sample to 102.70 C. The structure of benzene and the benzene ring is shown in Figure 1.2. ; T = 322.05, 351.15 K. p = 0.1 MPa. Under these conditions, aliphatic hydrocarbons form rings and lose hydrogen to become aromatic hydrocarbons. [all data], Zhdanov, 1941 [42] If the anecdote is the memory of a real event, circumstances mentioned in the story suggest that it must have happened early in 1862. Phys. [52] Benzene molecules have been detected on Mars.[53][54][55]. Note: (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid, otherwise value is equilibrium temperature of vapor over liquid. [86] These legal limits were based on studies demonstrating compelling evidence of health risk to workers exposed to benzene. Similarly, the Friedel-Crafts acylation is a related example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The solvent-properties of the two are similar, but toluene is less toxic and has a wider liquid range. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Benzene is an excellent ligand in the organometallic chemistry of low-valent metals. ; Shipova, V.A., [all data], Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955 [all data], Aoyama and Kanda, 1935 Wear safety glasses and use protective gloves. Tschamler, H., The heat capacities of benzene, methyl alcohol and glycerol at very low temperatures, National Institutes of Health. The measurement of benzene in humans can be accomplished via urine, blood, and breath tests; however, all of these have their limitations because benzene is rapidly metabolized in the human body. These aberrations can be monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes to assess the effects of benzene along with the hematological tests as markers of hematotoxicity. Have definite shape (resist deformation) 2. Soc., 1930, 52, 1547-1558. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Measurement of the heat capacity of a small volume of liquid by the piezo-thermometric method. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. 5. Ethylbenzene Formula: C 8 H 10 Molecular weight: 106.1650 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 100-41-4 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file [71] Highly instructive but of far less industrial significance is the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene (and many other aromatic rings) using an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The . Benzene (CAS 71-43-2) 1 Carcinogenic to humans. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. Nitrobenzene is the precursor to aniline. The following information is given for benzene, C 6 H 6 . ; Udovenko, W.W., Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter, [all data], Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926 NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. Sufficient heat is supplied to the reboiler to give, V /F = 0.855, and the reflux ratio L/D in the top of the column is constant at 0.50. [all data], Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989 [22] Four years later, Mansfield began the first industrial-scale production of benzene, based on the coal-tar method. Follow us on Twitter Question, remark ? [83] The maximum allowable amount of benzene in workroom air during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek is 1 ppm. Specific Heat of Benzene, Specific Heat of C6H6. Chem. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, Chem., 1987, 118, 1-18. The American Petroleum Institute (API) stated in 1948 that "it is generally considered that the only absolutely safe concentration for benzene is zero". Benzene - Density and Specific Weight vs. Soc., 1940, 62, 696-700. Benzene is used mainly as an intermediate to make other chemicals, above all ethylbenzene (and other alkylbenzenes), cumene, cyclohexane, and nitrobenzene. Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, 2o -889 .1791 162 basic lead carbonate 3pb 2c 8o 2h 0 163 benzene 6h 6c 143 .0317 164 benzotrifuroxane (btf) 6c 6o 6n 571 .0686 165 beryllium (non-reactive) 1u2 .0668 166 beryllium (pure crystaline) 1be .0668 167 beryllium borohydride 2b 1be 8h -666 .0218 168 beryllium hydride 1be 2h -399 0 169 . Benzene: Patient information sheet, "Drinking Water Contaminants | Organic Chemicals | Benzene", "Benzene Toxicity: Standards and Regulations", "Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Introduction", "Blood concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groups with suspected exposure", "100 tonnes of pollutants spilled into Chinese river", "Drinking water contamination from the thermal degradation of plastics: Implications for wildfire and structure fire response", "A Former Nazi Labor Camp in Austria, Now Billed as a Tourist Site", Dept. Some 20% of the benzene production is used to manufacture cumene, which is needed to produce phenol and acetone for resins and adhesives. J. Reproductive toxicity Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Chemical Properties of Ethylbenzene (CAS 100-41-4) InChI InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 InChI Key YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formula C8H10 SMILES CCc1ccccc1 Molecular Weight 1 106.17 CAS 100-41-4 Other Names .alpha.-methyltoluene Aethylbenzol Benzene, ethyl- EB Ethylbenzeen Ethylbenzol Etilbenzene Etylobenzen NCI-C56393 NSC 406903 the Good, W.D. In addition to the standard 4 confined space gases which include combustibles, O2, CO, & H2S, the GX-6000 has 2 additional smart channels that accept . [all data], Reddy, 1986 This discovery led to the production of Sanka. The formula is Cv = Q / (T m). Using electrophilic aromatic substitution, many functional groups are introduced onto the benzene framework. J. Chem. To accurately reflect the nature of the bonding, benzene is often depicted with a circle inside a hexagonal arrangement of carbon atoms. [all data], Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1987 ; Rossini, F.D., [72][73][74] The specific hematologic malignancies that benzene is associated with include: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).[75]. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. Sometimes, xylenes and heavier aromatics are used in place of toluene, with similar efficiency. "VIII. J. The specific heat transfer area is 109.46 m 2 per (kg/s) of fresh water and the heat transfer area of the distillate preheater is 200 m 2. Naziev, Ya.M. Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene, Benzene is a liquid at standard conditions. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. To provide a mechanism for the conversion process, Kekul proposed that the valency of an atom is determined by the frequency with which it collided with its neighbors in a molecule. uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Specific heat of benzene= 1.80 . Benzene and cyclohexane have a similar structure, only the ring of delocalized electrons and the loss of one hydrogen per carbon distinguishes it from cyclohexane. A. Studies on the heat capacities at low temperature. Several enzymes are involved. Have no definite shape 2. [46], The German chemist Wilhelm Krner suggested the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para- to distinguish di-substituted benzene derivatives in 1867; however, he did not use the prefixes to distinguish the relative positions of the substituents on a benzene ring. Specific Heat capacity is given as. ; Picker, P., J. Am. Proc. [17] Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. Ethyl alcohol likely exhibits more hydrogen bonding than water. ; Smith, J.F. Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the Picker flow calorimeter, [all data], von Reis, 1881 The new understanding of benzene, and hence of all aromatic compounds, proved to be so important for both pure and applied chemistry that in 1890 the German Chemical Society organized an elaborate appreciation in Kekul's honor, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of his first benzene paper. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. Soc. [all data], Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967 Phys., 1937, 5, 537-551. Birch reduction, a non catalytic process, however selectively hydrogenates benzene to the diene. The major sources of benzene exposure are tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions; however, ingestion and dermal absorption of benzene can also occur through contact with contaminated water. Curiously, a similar, humorous depiction of benzene had appeared in 1886 in a pamphlet entitled Berichte der Durstigen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Journal of the Thirsty Chemical Society), a parody of the Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, only the parody had monkeys seizing each other in a circle, rather than snakes as in Kekul's anecdote. [all data], Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978 : Molwarme des Systems 1,2-Dibromathan-Benzol, Benzene is sufficiently nucleophilic that it undergoes substitution by acylium ions and alkyl carbocations to give substituted derivatives. Substantial quantities of epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data link benzene to aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, bone marrow abnormalities and cardiovascular disease. Technology, Office of Data Benzene is hepatically metabolized and excreted in the urine. CYP2E1 is involved at multiple steps: converting benzene to oxepin (benzene oxide), phenol to hydroquinone, and hydroquinone to both benzenetriol and catechol. Coll. In catalytic reforming, a mixture of hydrocarbons with boiling points between 60 and 200C is blended with hydrogen gas and then exposed to a bifunctional platinum chloride or rhenium chloride catalyst at 500525C and pressures ranging from 850 atm. Oliver, G.D.; Eaton, M.; Huffman, H.M., J. Chem. Die specifische Wrme flssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Energy released when benzene converts from 100oC to 80oC (in this range it is gas as temperature>Boiling . If gloves are worn, PVA, butyl rubber and viton are suitable materials. 1. ; Udowenko, W.W., Here Kekul spoke of the creation of the theory. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of benzene, C 6 H 6, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 325 C (42 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. CAS RN. Glutathione seems to play an important role by protecting against benzene-induced DNA breaks and it is being identified as a new biomarker for exposure and effect.
Funny Florida Court Cases, Articles S